Do I need tetanus after dog scratch
Health Risks of a Dog Scratch
Dogs are among the most popular animal companions. In fact, its estimated that dogs live in about
Still, as with having any other pet, its important to be aware of the variety of diseases and health risks that may be transmitted from your canine companion. Some of these health risks may be derived from dog scratches that arise from playing, feeding, and coming into contact with an unknown animal.
Not all dog scratches are serious, but its important to be on the lookout for possible signs of infection, and call a doctor to rule out more serious health consequences.
Read on to learn about possible health risks from dog scratches and how to treat and prevent them.
Daily interactions with your dog including playtime can sometimes result in scratches. These might occur from your dogs nails when they step on you or jump up on you, as well as accidentally scratching you with their teeth while playing fetch or during feedings.
When you get scratched by a dog, you may notice red marks on your skin. These may temporarily become painful and swollen and, in more severe cases, lead to more serious health risks. Possibilities may include:
- excessive bleeding
- infections, such as Capnocytophaga bacteria
- tetanus, which is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria
- rabies, a serious viral infection
- sepsis, a life-threatening emergency caused by the spread of an infection to vital organs
Any dog scratch including those that seem mild and harmless ought to be treated immediately to prevent infection and other health complications. Consider the following steps:
- First, wash (but dont scrub) the dog scratch wound with warm water and soap. Rinse for at least 5 minutes. Pat dry with a clean towel.
- If the dog scratch is bleeding, apply pressure to the area with a clean gauze pad.
- Apply an over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotic cream or ointment.
- Cover the wound with a sterile bandage.
Some dogs carry a bacteria in their mouths called Capnocytophaga. While these bacteria
Capnocytophaga infections can progress quickly, even becoming life-threatening. Possible symptoms
- swelling
- redness and blisters
- pus from the bite
- fever
- headache
- muscle or joint aches
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- vomiting
Call or visit a doctor if youre experiencing any signs of infection post-dog scratch. Its also a good idea to seek medical attention any time youve been scratched by a dog especially if the dog isnt your own.
Rabies is a type of viral infection that can occur when bitten by an animal thats infected. This is a serious infection that can be fatal in both animals and humans, due to the viruss attack on the nervous system.
While animal-to-animal transmission is possible, its not as common for humans to be infected by household pets in the United States. Part of this reduced risk is attributed to rabies vaccines in domesticated animals.
Still, rabies ought to be considered in the case of a serious wound from a dog, particularly if its a stray dog or one who hasnt been vaccinated against rabies. The virus may be transmitted through an infected dogs saliva from biting or accidental scratching.
How a dog with rabies may behave
A dog who is infected with rabies may have
- behavioral changes
- reduced appetite
- voice changes/changes to their barks
- panting
- anxiety and restlessness
- attempted attacks on people and other animals
- paralysis
What to do if you suspect youve been bitted by a dog with rabies
If youve been bitten or scratched by a dog with an unknown rabies vaccination status, call a doctor. They may recommend treatment with rabies vaccines as well as antibodies.
Humans (with the exception of veterinarians and other professionals who handle animals) dont typically get the rabies vaccine unless theyve been exposed to the virus from an infected animal.
Symptoms of a rabies infection
Symptoms of rabies are slow to develop,
Possible signs of rabies in humans may include:
- fatigue
- fever
- headache
- weakness
- anxiety
- hallucinations, and other neurological changes
While its not always possible to avoid all cases of dog scratches, you may help minimize your risk of getting sick by:
- washing your hands after playing with and feeding your dog
- carefully washing scratches that do occur
- bandaging dog scratches and any subsequent open wounds
- keeping your dog up-to-date on their vaccines
- avoiding contact with other dogs that may be feral or unvaccinated
- walking your dog on a leash to prevent exposure to wild animals
- asking your doctor if youre up to date on your vaccines
Also, if you have your own dog, you may help reduce the risk of scratches from toenails and bites by training your dog not to jump up on you, and to use their mouths softly during playtime and feedings.
Getting scratched by your dog can happen, especially during feeding and playtime. While you can train your dog to be more gentle, occasional scratches are still inevitable. Your risk may also be greater when coming into contact with a wild dog, or a domesticated one whos not your own.
Washing a dog scratch wound is critical in preventing infections. Depending on the severity of the wound, you may consider calling your doctor regarding next steps.
Seek medical care if youre injured by a dog who isnt yours, if youve been bitten, are bleeding excessively, or are experiencing flu-like symptoms.
What to Do If a Dog Scratches You
Many people know about cat scratch fever, but can a dog scratch be just as dangerous? Although you are less likely to contract severe illness from a dog scratch, there is still a possibility of it happening. If you are scratched by a dog, heres what you need to know.
Potential Infections Can Occur from a Dog Scratch
Dogs walk on all four feet and dig in whatever they can find, which means dog nail beds are very dirty. They can harbor all sorts of bacteria and fungi that can readily infect humans through broken skin, including tetanus. Dogs also lick their paws, transferring bacteria from the mouth onto the nails. This can, in rare cases, infect humans with MRSA or bacteria called Capnocytophaga if the scratch breaks the skin.
What About Rabies?
Can I get rabies from a dog scratch? is a popular online search. Even though it is highly unlikely that a human will contract rabies from an animal scratch, it can still happen. The virus that causes rabies is spread through contact with saliva or brain tissue from an animal infected with rabies, but it cannot penetrate unbroken skin. If a rabid dog with saliva-covered nails scratches a human, theoretically infection can occur; however, most dogs are vaccinated against rabies and are not at risk for infection. If your dog has had contact with a rabid animal, take additional precautions and seek veterinary care immediately.
How to Treat a Dog Scratch
Animal scratches may seem harmless, but they can turn into serious infections if the skin is broken. Puncture wounds may look the least serious, but they carry the highest risk of severe infection. If the scratch is bleeding heavily, apply pressure with a clean towel until the bleeding has stopped. Once the bleeding has subsided, wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water for three minutes. Clean and dry the skin, and then apply a small amount of antibiotic ointment and cover the wound with a bandage. Make sure to check the scratch for signs of infection, which include increased heat, redness, swelling, pain or red streaking on the skin. Monitor the wound for at least 72 hours, and if you experience any of those symptoms, seek the attention of a medical professional immediately.
WRITTEN BY
Sarah Wooten, DVMVeterinarian
Dr. Sarah Wooten graduated from UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in 2002. A member of the American Society of Veterinary Journalists,...
Is a tetanus shot necessary after being scratched by a dog?
Introduction: Tetanus Shot and Dog Scratches
Getting scratched by a dog can be a painful and scary experience. Apart from the pain, it is important to consider the possibility of tetanus infection. Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and can be fatal if left untreated. One of the most effective ways to prevent tetanus infection is by getting a tetanus shot. However, not all dog scratches require a tetanus shot, and it is important to understand when it is necessary.
Understanding Tetanus and Its Causes
Tetanus is caused by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani. The bacteria can enter the body through a wound or scratch, and produces a toxin that affects the nervous system. Tetanus is not contagious and cannot be transmitted from person to person. The bacteria can survive for a long time in soil and animal feces, making it common in rural areas.
How Tetanus Spreads in the Body
Tetanus bacteria enter the body through a wound or scratch and produce a toxin that affects the nervous system. The toxin causes muscle stiffness and spasms, which can be fatal if left untreated. The bacteria do not spread from person to person, and a tetanus infection does not provide immunity to future infections.
What Happens When a Dog Scratches You?
When a dog scratches you, the skin is broken, which can allow bacteria to enter the body. The severity of the scratch and the likelihood of tetanus infection depends on several factors, including the depth of the wound, the location of the wound, and the cleanliness of the wound. If the wound is deep, in a high-risk area such as the head or neck, or if the dog has not been vaccinated against tetanus, the risk of infection is higher.
The Risk of Tetanus Infection from Dog Scratches
The risk of tetanus infection from a dog scratch is relatively low, but it is still important to take precautions. If the wound is deep or contaminated with dirt or animal feces, the risk is higher. The risk is also higher if the dog has not been vaccinated against tetanus. It is important to clean the wound thoroughly and monitor it for signs of infection.
Symptoms of Tetanus Infection
Symptoms of tetanus infection may include muscle stiffness, spasms, and pain, particularly in the jaw and neck. Other symptoms may include fever, sweating, and rapid heartbeat. If left untreated, tetanus infection can be fatal.
Treatment for Tetanus Infection
Treatment for tetanus infection typically involves a combination of antibiotics and antitoxins to stop the spread of the bacteria and neutralize the toxin. In severe cases, the patient may require hospitalization and respiratory support.
How to Prevent Tetanus Infection after a Dog Scratch
The best way to prevent tetanus infection after a dog scratch is to clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water. If the wound is deep or contaminated, it may be necessary to seek medical attention. It is also important to ensure that the dog is vaccinated against tetanus.
When to Get a Tetanus Shot after a Dog Scratch
If you have not had a tetanus shot in the past 10 years or cannot remember when your last shot was, it is recommended to get a tetanus shot after a dog scratch. If the wound is deep or contaminated, it is important to seek medical attention and follow the advice of a healthcare professional.
What to Expect During a Tetanus Shot
A tetanus shot involves injecting a vaccine that contains a small amount of the tetanus toxin. The vaccine helps the body build immunity to the toxin and can prevent tetanus infection. The shot is typically given in the upper arm and may cause some discomfort or soreness.
Risks and Side Effects of Tetanus Shot
Like all vaccines, there is a risk of side effects with a tetanus shot. Common side effects may include soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site. More serious side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions.
Conclusion: Tetanus Shot and Dog Scratches
Getting a tetanus shot after a dog scratch is an important precaution to take to prevent tetanus infection. While the risk of infection is relatively low, it is important to understand the risks and take steps to prevent infection. If you are unsure whether you need a tetanus shot after a dog scratch, it is recommended to seek medical advice.
